Diclofenac

Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAID) from the group of phenylalkanoic acidity types, which has a average antipyretic, medication and highly effective anti-inflammatory impact. The procedure of action of this medication is associated with self-consciousness of cyclooxygenase (COX) – the main compound for arachidonic acidity metabolic rate, which is a forerunner to prostaglandins playing a big part in the pathogenesis of swelling, high temperature and discomfort. Apart from its highly effective anti-inflammatory impact, diclofenac has a highly effective medication prospective, which is not related to its impact on swelling. It has a complicated impact on the various systems of discomfort understanding, thereby successfully suppressing discomfort problem of various etiologies.


Indications

Drugs for wide spread use (injections, pills, suppositories)

Rheumatology:

rheumatism;
soft cells rheumatism, extra-articular types of rheumatism – periarthritis, bursitis, tendonitis, myositis, fibrositis;
rheumatoid arthritis, teenager rheumatoid arthritis;
osteoarthritis;
ankylosing spondylitis – Bekhterev’s disease;
back discomfort associated with degenerative changes in the spine;
degenerative combined illnesses – arthritis (coxarthrosis, spondylarthrosis);
spondylitis;
other polyarthritis and monoarthritis;
acute gout
Neurology, orthopedics, traumatology, actions medication, common healthcare practice:

tunnel syndromes and other illnesses combined with non-rheumatic swelling (neuritis, back ischialgia, neuralgia, capsulitis, bursitis, tendonitis, tenosynovitis or synovitis);
migraine and other types of headache;
dorsalgia (lumbago, sciatica);
inflammatory swelling of the smooth tissues;
traumatic accidents, extending of the muscle cells, structures and tendons;
myalgia and arthralgia due to heavy physical activity;
Oncology:

treatment of discomfort in cancer patients;
General healthcare practice:

biliary and renal colic;
Gynecology:

gynecological illnesses combined with swelling and discomfort problem (adnexitis, primary dysmenorrhea, etc.);
Traumatology, dental care, surgery:

dental surgery therapy, obstetric & gynecologic surgery therapy, or other surgery intervention;
post-operative and post-traumatic discomfort syndromes;
Otorhinolaryngology:

patients with serious inflamation related illnesses of the ear, nasal area and neck that happen with serious discomfort, for example, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, and otitis;
Drugs for exterior and exterior use

Traumatology, actions medicine:

musculoskeletal conditions specific to actions medication and sports: dislocation, variations, contusions, excess, contusion;
post-traumatic swelling of the bone and combined program (tendons, structures, muscle cells, joints) and smooth tissues;
Rheumatology, neurology:

arthralgia;
topical therapy of inflamation related and degenerative illnesses of the smooth cells and periarticular tissues: bursitis, tendovaginitis, shoulder-hand problem, arthritis, osteochondrosis;
dorsalgia;
myalgia;
Surgery, traumatology:

inflammation and pain of the smooth tissues
Ophthalmology:

non-infectious conjunctivitis, discomfort problem when using an excimer laser, when performing an function to remove and place crystalline contact lens (pre- and postoperative avoidance of miosis, cystoid swelling of the optic nerve), post-traumatic swelling after infiltrating and non-penetrating accidents of the eye itself.
Side effects

CNS disorders: frustration, wooziness, exhaustion, and depressive disorders.

Digestive program disorders: feeling sick, stomach discomfort, intestinal problems, unwanted gas, diarrhoea, exacerbation of peptic ulcer illness.

Skin disorders: allergy, itchiness.

Rare part effects

CNS disorders: ears ringing and temporary listening to problems, visible incapacity.

Hematopoietic program disorders: agranulocytosis, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia.

Urinary program disorders: renal malfunction, susceptible sufferers may have swelling.

Dermatological reactions: lack of hair

Local reactions: with intramuscular use, there may be a losing feeling.
Serious part effects

Some of the adverse responses of diclofenac can have serious repercussions for the body, though they happen very rarely:

Nervous program disorders: confusion, memory incapacity, sleep disruptions, listening to and perspective incapacity, depressive disorders, withdrawal leading to convulsions, tremor, anxiety, depressive disorders, character conditions, conditions of flavor emotions.

Disorders of the intestinal tract: intestinal blood reduction (inflammation of the stomach mucosa, sore of the mucous walls, ulcers).

Urinary program disorders: renal malfunction (interstitial nephritis, nephrotic problem, papillary necrosis), serious renal malfunction (renal failure), proteins and blood vessels in pee.

Allergic reactions: regional allergies (erythema, loss, exanthema, meals, ulceration), erythema multiforme, erythroderma, Lyell’s problem, Stevens-Johnson problem, bronchospasm, wide spread anaphylactic responses (including shock).

Laboratory abnormalities

thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, hemolytic anemia, agranulocytosis, and aplastic anemia;
abnormally high levels of liver organ minerals in the blood vessels (serum transaminase);
hematuria and proteinuria.
Use during maternity and breast-feeding

Diclofenac can be used during maternity only in situations where the predicted benefit to the mother exceeds the danger to the unborn infant. In this case, the medication is recommended in the lowest effective amount.

Contraindications

duodenal ulcer and stomach ulcer;
abnormal changes in the blood vessels image of unidentified origin;
destructive and inflamation related intestinal illnesses in an serious phase;
pregnancy
lactation period;
children under the age of 6 decades (ointment, tablets);
childhood under the age of 12 years;
hypersensitivity to pain killers or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication (including pain killers triad);
hypersensitivity to diclofenac and other elements of the drug;
rectal swelling – proctitis (suppositories)
congenital problem of blood vessels development (induced porphyria);
complaints of affected function of the intestinal tract: in sufferers with a alleged stomach ulcer or duodenal ulcer, stomach swelling (Crohn’s illness, colitis);
severe liver organ dysfunction;
impaired renal function;
certain auto-immune illnesses (mixed ligament illness, wide spread lupus erythematosus);
immediately after a significant surgery therapy.
Overdose

An over amount improves the degree of the adverse responses of the medication.

Cautions

The medication should be taken with alert in sufferers with illnesses of the stomach system in record, bronchial asthma, dyspepsia, arterial high blood pressure, heart failing, soon after a significant surgery therapy, as well as in seniors sufferers.

Not suggested for anal use in sufferers with anal blood decrease in record or with anorectal illnesses. The medication should be used only topically on unchanged epidermis areas.

In sufferers with a record of allergies to NSAIDs and sulfites, diclofenac are used only in immediate situations. In the course of therapy, methodical tracking of the side-line blood vessels image, liver organ and renal system is required.

Avoid get in touch with of diclofenac with the eye (except for eye drops) or with the mucous walls. Patients who use contacts should apply eye falls no prior to five minutes after eliminating the contacts.

Alcohol intake is not suggested during therapy with wide spread amount types.

Not suggested for kids under the age of 6 decades.

Effect on the automotive abilities automobiles and function other mechanisms

With difficult blurry perspective after implementing eye falls, it is not recommended to generate or practice other possibly dangerous actions.