Atenolol
Atenolol is a cardioselective β1-adrenergic receptor villain that decreases systolic and diastolic high blood pressure, and has antianginal and antiarrhythmic impact. By preventing β1-adrenergic receptors in low dosage, Atenolol decelerates pulse rate, depresses transmission and excitability, and decreases myocardial contractility. The medication begins performing after 2 to 4 time after dental management and takes about a day. If the medication is taken consistently, high blood pressure lastly balances after 2 several weeks of treatment.
Indications
Atenolol is used in grownups for treatment of:
arterial hypertension;
coronary center disease;
effort angina, angina at relax, volatile angina (except Prinzmetal’s angina);
reduced overall tone of the mitral device muscular, hyperkinetic center syndrome;
neurocirculatory circumstances with hypertensive complications;
senile tremor, tremor with drawback problem, important tremor.
Atenolol is used in the treatment and avoidance of:
myocardial infarction;
arrhythmias of various etiologies (including arrhythmias coming up from sedation, hyperthyroidism, myocardial infarction in sufferers without center failure);
supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, nasal tachycardia, and other kinds of arrhythmia, atrial flutter.
Atenolol is suggested in mixture treatment of:
thyrotoxicosis;
hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy;
for headaches prophylaxis.
Side effects
Clinical research that the most typical (up to 26%) adverse responses of atenolol are:
fatigue;
low high blood pressure (hypotension);
abnormally slowly pulse rate (bradycardia);
dizziness;
cold arms or feet;
depression;
shortness of breathing.
In inclusion, atenolol can cause to such adverse responses as:
pain in the legs;
decrease in high blood pressure when status up (orthostatic hypotension);
diarrhea;
nausea;
lethargy;
drowsiness;
increases in liver organ enzymes;
allergic reactions;
headache;
impotence, also known as erection issues or Peyronie’s disease;
worsening of psoriasis;
hair loss;
vision problems;
dry mouth;
skin rash;
dry sight.
Laboratory abnormalities
Severe scientific irregularities in the blood vessels consist of agranulocytosis, leukopenia, hyperbilirubinemia, thrombocytopenic purpura, aplastic anemia, hyperglycemia (abnormally advanced stage of sugar in the blood), hyperlipidemia, changes in liver organ minerals.
Withdrawal syndrome
Abrupt drawback of atenolol may cause to the following symptoms:
intensified angina attacks;
increased blood vessels pressure;
reversible alopecia;
back pain;
arthralgia.
Atenolol drawback signs appear after unexpected termination of treatment. Withdrawal of atenolol after long-term treatment should be performed progressively under a physician's guidance.
Serious part effects
When any of the following signs happen, contact your doctor:
pain in the chest;
irregular heartbeat;
sudden bodyweight gain;
disturbances in myocardial transmission, AV prevent (up to center failure), arrhythmias, myocardial pleasure, development (worsening) of CHF;
hallucinations, nightmares;
hypoglycemia (deficiency of sugar in the bloodstream);
hyperlipidemia (abnormally great focus of cholestrerol levels and triglycerides in the blood).
Most adverse responses are light and usually vanish after 2-3 several weeks of frequent use of the medication. When the healing amount is surpassed, the regularity and harshness of adverse responses considerably improve.
Contraindications
The medication is contraindicated if the affected person has one of these conditions:
second-degree and third-degree AV block;
arterial hypotension (systolic high blood pressure below 90 mm Hg);
idiosyncrasy to elements of the drug;
cardiogenic shock;
acute and serious center failure;
sinus bradycardia;
sinoatrial block;
bronchial asthma;
shift in the acid-base stability towards acidosis.
patients being affected by diabetic issues, serious obstructive lung illness and bronchial bronchial asthma, incapacity of liver organ and renal functions;
atenolol is with warning suggested in the seniors and in sufferers with depressive circumstances (including with a record of depression), epidermis psoriasis, and myasthenia.
Atenolol is not used in kids (under 18 years).
Side results during maternity and breast-feeding
The medication passes across into the placental hurdle in little amounts resulting in intrauterine development limitation, hypoglycemia, and bradycardia. Therefore, recommending the medication to expectant mothers should be done under the guidance of a physician after evaluating the predicted advantage to the mom and the danger to the unborn infant. If it is necessary to use the medication during lactation, it is suggested to quit nursing.
Atenolol and alcohol
Atenolol is taken before eating anything. Liquor and caffeinated drinks are contraindicated.
Side results of Atenolol in the elderly
The seniors encounter adverse responses more often and more noticeable. Dose decrease may be needed.
Overdose of Atenolol (symptoms):
severe bradycardia, second-degree and third-degree AV block;
increase in warning signs of center failure;
excessive lack of blood vessels pressure;
arrhythmia, ventricular arrhythmias;
shortness of breathing, bronchospasm,
dizziness, fainting;
cyanosis of the finger nails or palms;
seizures.
You should quickly search for treatment once atenolol over amount happens.
Interaction with other drugs
Hypnotics, sedative drugs, antidepressant medications, and other antihypertensive medication improve the impact of atenolol.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAIDs), estrogens, and sympathomimetic medication damage the hypotensive impact of atenolol; antacids decrease the adsorption of atenolol from the digestive system.
Antiarrhythmic and pain-killer medicines improve the cardiodepressive impact of the medication.
Taking atenolol at the same time with blood insulin and other anti-diabetic medicines improve the chance of hypoglycaemia.
Atenolol extends the anticoagulant impact of coumarins.
When a individual is given medication verapamil, a quit of at least 48 time should be created between the last management of atenolol and verapamil hypodermic injection.
